
Coneflower
Echinacea purpurea
Lupinus polyphyllus
Tall flower spikes with pea-like flowers. Rainbow of colors. Cottage garden staple. Palmate leaves. Also called bluebonnet (Texas variety). Symbol of imagination and happiness.
Spring, Summer
Temperate
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Stays fresh for 5 to 7 days
when properly cared for
Light, sweet, pea-like fragrance
Seeds and pods contain alkaloids - can cause digestive upset and neurological symptoms
The name comes from Latin lupus meaning wolf - once thought to steal soil nutrients
Actually improves soil by fixing nitrogen through root nodules
Lupine beans were eaten in ancient Mediterranean cultures
Texas Bluebonnet is a type of lupine
Lupines are found in both Old and New Worlds. Mediterranean species have been cultivated for food for 4,000 years. North American species, particularly the Texas Bluebonnet, are beloved wildflowers. English gardeners developed the Russell Hybrids in the 1930s, creating the colorful spikes we know today.

Iris germanica